Ghana currently runs on the 1992 Constitution
Ghana’s Constitution Day is observed annually on January 7, marking the day the 1992 Constitution came into force, ushering in the Fourth Republic in 1993.
The day commemorates Ghana’s return to constitutional rule after years of military interventions and political instability.
In this GhanaWeb article, we look at the Constitution Day is all about.
Why January 7 matters
On January 7, 1993, Ghana officially transitioned from military rule to a democratic system of governance with the swearing-in of Jerry John Rawlings as president under the new constitution.
Since then, January 7 has symbolised the rebirth of democratic governance, rule of law, and constitutional supremacy in Ghana.
Government declares Friday, January 9, a public holiday
The 1992 constitution at a glance
The 1992 constitution is the supreme law of Ghana.
It establishes:
• A democratic system of government based on separation of powers;
• The structure and functions of the Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary;
• Fundamental human rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, assembly, and association;
• Independent constitutional bodies such as the Electoral Commission and Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ).
It also entrenches certain provisions, making them difficult to amend, to protect the democratic order.
Why Constitution Day was introduced
Although January 7 had long been significant, it was officially designated Constitution Day and declared a public holiday in 2019 to deepen civic awareness and encourage citizens to reflect on constitutional governance, democracy, and national responsibility.
How it is observed
Constitution Day is usually marked with:
• National addresses or statements by the president/National thanksgiving;
• Civic education activities led by the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE);
• Public discussions on democracy, governance, and citizens’ rights.
Unlike Independence Day, celebrations are typically low-key, focusing more on reflection than pageantry.
Constitution day meaningless – Mornah
Why Constitution Day still matters
Constitution Day serves as a reminder that democracy is sustained not only by elections, but by respect for the constitution, adherence to the rule of law, and active citizenship.
It underscores the idea that no individual or institution is above the constitution.
As Ghana continues to consolidate its democracy, the Constitution Day remains a moment to assess how well the principles of accountability, justice, and participation enshrined in the 1992 constitution are being upheld.
MRA/AE
Meanwhile, watch as NDC MPs and party leadership pay tribute to late Naser Toure Mahama
