<\/p>\n
By Ariel Gold <\/p>\n
By every conceivable measure, South Sudan is a nation in acute crisis. According to the World Bank, 80% of the South Sudanese population live below the international poverty line, only 1% of people have access to electricity, and, last month, a UN Security Council delegation warned another full-fledged civil war could break out at any moment.<\/p>\n
What South Sudan has in abundance, however, are guns, violence and US sanctions preventing the government from helping its people.<\/p>\n
South Sudan is the embodiment of many ills that affect the world \u2013 colonialism, militarisation, civil war, climate change, famine and sexual violence. <\/p>\n
By the mid-20th century, Sudan, encompassing what is now South Sudan and Sudan, began to fill with firearms. By 1966, the country had received about 30000 G3 rifles from West Germany. <\/p>\n
By the late 1970s\/mid-\u201980s, with the US-Soviet proxy wars in full swing, US arms transfers to Sudan were large ($1.4billion) that, combined with arms transfers from other countries, the country was dubbed \u201cAfrica\u2019s arms dump\u201d. <\/p>\n
Global food security was among the priority issues discussed last week at the UN General Assembly in New York and its adjacent meetings. With the prediction that South Sudan will experience famine unless billions of dollars in aid are not obtained immediately, it is among the countries being considered for urgent action. <\/p>\n
But, and this must be understood, the multiple crises facing South Sudan weren\u2019t of its own making. <\/p>\n
Located along the Nile River, the land that is Sudan and South Sudan was once part of the ancient Christian Nubian kingdoms. It was renowned for its arts and culture, had its own written language, high literacy rates and enjoyed high levels of gender equality.<\/p>\n
Nubia eventually declined and fell to successive conquerors. Eventually, it revolted against Egypt. However, only a decade later, Britain, which was the ruling power in Egypt, retook Sudan and placed it under joint Egyptian-British rule. <\/p>\n
Sudan gained its independence in 1956. But independence did not give way to peace. A civil war, which was under way between the predominantly Muslim north and majority Christian south, would last until 1972. During that time, both sides were handing out arms to civilians, including children, for self-protection. <\/p>\n
By the end of a second civil war, which lasted until 2005 and was largely a continuation of the first civil war, an estimated 1.9 million to 3.2 million small arms circulating among the population, an arms culture that aspired to reach US levels, was well established. <\/p>\n
In 2011, South Sudanese citizens voted by 99% to secede from the north and become their own country. While optimism was widespread and infectious, by the end of 2013, yet another civil war had broken out in the fledgling country after President Salvar Kiir accused Riek Machar of attempting a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, leading to multiple sides fighting to rule the country. <\/p>\n
By 2016, 6 million people in South Sudan were facing starvation. By 2017, the country\u2019s economy was in tatters and famine had been declared.<\/p>\n
By 2018, around 400000 people had been killed and more than 4 million displaced. <\/p>\n
Despite the formation of a unity government in 2020, inter-community violence in South Sudan has increased. Human and civil rights are barely existent and the country has been declared one of the most dangerous places on Earth for aid workers. A joint human rights report in August documented 131 cases of rape and gang rape, including of girls as young as eight. <\/p>\n
In a declared effort to \u201cchoke off war funds\u201d, the US has imposed sanctions on the South Sudanese oil industry. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch want an arms embargo, but US sanctions include South Sudan\u2019s oil industry. <\/p>\n
Sanctions on South Sudan\u2019s gas industry prevent the country from using its natural resources (3.5 billion barrels of proven oil reserves) to reduce its extreme energy poverty. While one might think this is positive for the environment, without the ability to sell its gas, there are no funds for the development of renewable energy systems.<\/p>\n
The African Energy Chamber has urged the US to remove its gas industry sanctions. The Crisis Group has stated that sanctions on South Sudan must be specific in their targets and time frames, and have clear off-ramps. Violent conflict isn\u2019t the only factor putting South Sudan in urgent danger of famine. Climate change has wreaked havoc on crops in the Horn of Africa and the war in Ukraine is compounding the global food security crisis. <\/p>\n
That said, as we rush to see that the necessary aid funds are raised to avoid all-out famine in time and pray for peace in the war-torn country, we must ensure that the US, and other Western countries, don\u2019t exacerbate the dire situation and are held accountable for the role they played in creating the crisis. This article was first published on:www.commondreams.org<\/p>\n
*Ariel Gold is National co-director and Senior Middle East Policy Analyst with CODEPINK for Peace<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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