Poisoning Beyond Accident
Poison any substance that can cause harm or death when introduced into the body exists in many forms in Ghana: pesticides, household chemicals, contaminated food, and environmental toxins. While many exposures are unintentional and accidental, poison has also been implicated in deliberate acts of harm often born out of conflict, jealousy, personal vendettas, or social tensions. These intentional cases are less common in official crime reports but remain part of public discussion and concern.
What Poisoning Looks Like in Ghana
Accidental and Environmental Poisoning
Healthcare data show that poison exposures are not rare in Ghana. Health facilities record an average of about 20 poison-related cases per month, involving accidental ingestion of harmful substances such as household chemicals, bleaching agents, pesticides, and drug overdoses. These can affect children, adults, and even agricultural workers.
Environmental contamination such as mercury and cyanide pollution from illegal mining (galamsey) also exposes communities to poison through water, soil, and food chains. This is sometimes described by activists as a kind of “silent poisoning” of entire populations, with long-term health consequences.
Intentional Poisoning: Crime and Conflict
Confirmed and Reported Cases
While deliberate poisoning is not the dominant form of homicide in Ghana, there have been reported incidents that suggest some individuals have used poison to harm others:
At a social gathering: A man identified as Kojo Aquaye allegedly died after consuming poisoned food and drinks at a naming ceremony in the Central Region. Locals speculated that frustration with his behavior particularly theft when intoxicated may have motivated those who served him poison. Police investigations were ongoing.
Family tragedy: A teenager in the Assin-Praso area allegedly poisoned his own newborn son with weedicide a tragic act reportedly intended to avoid the responsibilities of parenthood.
Alleged poisoning and theft: Social media reports described an incident where a gatekeeper allegedly poisoned his employer (though details are unverified and based on a victim’s account online).
Such cases highlight how poison, often readily accessible as household or agricultural chemicals, can be misused in criminal acts.
Legal Consequences
Under Ghanaian criminal law, administering poison with harmful intent is a criminal offence. If someone maliciously causes poison to be taken by another, and endangers life or causes harm, they may face severe penalties.
Cultural Perceptions and Social Beliefs
In Ghanaian communities, stories and beliefs about poisoning often blend fact and folklore. Some people believe that jealous rivals, wealthier relatives, or people with grudges might resort to poisoning to harm successful or “undesirable” individuals. While many of these narratives circulate informally particularly on social media and in personal testimonies they reflect a wider societal anxiety about trust, safety, and interpersonal conflict.
There are also traditional beliefs involving spiritual or supernatural forms of harm, such as curses (often discussed in relation to terms like duabɔ), which psychologically overlap with concerns about poisoning but do not necessarily involve actual toxic substances.
Poisoning in Social Conflict: Rumors vs. Reality
It’s important to differentiate anecdote and rumor from confirmed legal cases:
Rumors and fear: Many Ghanaians recount stories of people being poisoned due to jealousy, targeted harm, or social enmity. These stories often spread through word of mouth or online platforms but may lack official confirmation.
Official reporting: To date, systematic crime statistics do not show poisoning as a leading method of murder compared with firearm or knife violence in Ghana. Confirmed criminal poisoning cases are rarer and typically attract significant media coverage when they occur.
Despite this, the fear of poisoning persists shaping how people view food, offerings from others, and even social hospitality.
Broader Public Health Context
Aside from criminal use, poisoning remains a significant public health concern in Ghana:
Children accidentally ingesting harmful substances is a frequent issue.
Misuse of pesticides contributes to both accidental and intentional poisonings.
Environmental contamination (e.g., from galamsey) exposes entire communities to toxic chemicals.
These challenges point to a need for stronger education on safe handling of chemicals, better food safety practices, and robust poison control systems.
Conclusion: Navigating Fear and Facts
Poisoning in Ghana occupies multiple realms:
It is a public health issue, seen in accidental exposures and environmental contamination.
It appears in isolated criminal incidents, where individuals have allegedly used poison to cause harm.
It also exists in social narratives and cultural beliefs, where fear and rumor sometimes outpace verified facts.
Understanding poisoning in Ghana requires balancing evidence and perception: acknowledging real cases and risks while challenging unverified claims that can fuel fear and mistrust.
Key takeaway: Intentional poisoning does happen in Ghana, but it is relatively rare and often sensationalized. Most poison-related harms are accidental or environmental. Efforts to prevent poisoning accidental or deliberate should emphasize public education, legal enforcement, and community awareness.
Mustapha Bature Sallama
Medical Science communicator.
Private Investigator and Criminal
Investigation and Intelligence Analysis,
International Conflict Management and Peace Building. Alumni Gandhi Global Academy United States Institute of Peace.
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