Late Hall of Famer Fred Lorenzen Is First Known NASCAR Driver Diagnosed With CTE, Found at Stage 3

Late Hall of Famer Fred Lorenzen Is First Known NASCAR Driver Diagnosed With CTE, Found at Stage 3

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Lorenzen died Dec. 18, 2024, at age 89, after living with dementia for about 20 years, according to the Concussion & CTE Foundation. CTE is graded on a four-stage scale, and stage 3 is the second most severe.

The finding raises a hard question for former drivers and their families who are living with memory loss or behavior changes: could years of crashes have played a role? A single case cannot answer that, but it adds to a growing conversation about head injuries in motorsports.

Lorenzen won the 1965 Daytona 500 and was the first driver to earn more than $100,000 in a single NASCAR season. He raced in an era with far fewer safety protections than drivers have today, and he was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2015.

Neuropathologists found an unusual pattern in his brain. “Mr. Lorenzen had cortical-sparing CTE, which is the first identified subtype of the disease,” said Dr. Thor Stein, director of molecular research at the Boston University CTE Center, who studied the brain.

Stein said that in about 10% of CTE cases, the disease is worse in brain areas that control behavior and movement. That pattern can cause behavioral symptoms and Parkinson’s-like movement problems that start earlier in life.

His daughter, Amanda Lorenzen Gardstrom, said her father struggled long before his dementia diagnosis in his 60s. “While he may be the first race car driver diagnosed with CTE, we know from outreach to other drivers that he isn’t the only one suffering,” she said.

The family pledged his brain to research in 2016, inspired by Dale Earnhardt Jr.’s pledge that year. His son, Chris Lorenzen, said his father’s dementia care came at a high financial and emotional cost to the family.

CTE can be confirmed only by examining brain tissue after death. There is no validated test to diagnose it in a living person, which is why researchers rely on donated brains.

This is a single case. It does not tell researchers how many drivers have CTE, whether racing raises the risk compared with other activities, or whether modern safety equipment has changed that risk. Brain donors also tend to come from families who noticed symptoms, so findings from brain banks cannot be applied to all drivers and say nothing about any individual driver’s odds.

The National Institutes of Health says CTE is caused in part by repeated traumatic brain injuries and that severe CTE is associated with dementia, according to the foundation’s release. Researchers do not fully understand why some people with repeated head impacts develop the disease, and others do not.

“It is concerning to find CTE in the brain of Fred Lorenzen, the first NASCAR driver to be studied,” said Dr. Chris Nowinski, CEO of the foundation.

The finding follows a September announcement from the family of Hall of Famer Darrell Waltrip, who has frontotemporal degeneration complicated by possible CTE. MedicalDaily previously reported on Waltrip’s diagnosis and what it means for families. Waltrip’s CTE remains unconfirmed because the disease cannot be diagnosed during life.

NASCAR declined to join the family’s initiative after talks that began in January, the family said, Jayski reported.

The family donated $1 million to create the Fred Lorenzen Memorial HelpLine, a free service for current or former auto racing drivers and their families dealing with long-term concussion symptoms, suspected CTE, or related disorders. The foundation says it responds to requests within three business days.

Symptoms linked to CTE can include memory problems, depression, impulsive or aggressive behavior, confusion, and movement changes. Many of these overlap with other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, or medication side effects, so a full medical evaluation matters.

There is no specific treatment for CTE, according to the MSD Manual, but many symptoms can be managed. Families can ask a neurologist about memory testing and keep notes on mood, behavior, and past head injuries.

Sudden confusion, weakness on one side, trouble speaking, or thoughts of self-harm need emergency care. People in crisis can call or text 988.

Part of the donation will support Boston University research on diagnosing CTE in living people, work that could eventually help families get answers sooner.

What was Fred Lorenzen diagnosed with? Stage 3 of 4 CTE, with a cortical-sparing subtype, found by Boston University researchers after his death.

Is he the first NASCAR driver with CTE? He is the first NASCAR driver known to be diagnosed with the disease.

Can CTE be diagnosed in living people? Not yet. Confirmation currently requires examining brain tissue after death.

Does this prove racing causes CTE? No. One case cannot show how common CTE is among drivers or prove what caused it.

What symptoms are linked to CTE? Memory loss, mood changes, impulsive behavior, and movement problems, which can overlap with other conditions.

Where can racing families get help? The Fred Lorenzen Memorial HelpLine at the Concussion & CTE Foundation offers free help to current and former drivers and their families.

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Reported by medicaldaily.com.

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