As of May 2025, several African countries remain under military rule following a wave of coups that began in 2020. These military-led governments have often cited security challenges, corruption, and institutional failures as justifications for seizing power. However, the continued delays in returning to civilian rule have raised significant concerns about democratic backsliding across the continent.
1. Mali
Date of Military Takeover: August 2020 (followed by a second coup in May 2021)
Current Leader: Colonel Assimi Goïta
Status: The military initially promised a transitional process, but elections have been repeatedly delayed. In April 2024, the junta suspended all political activities, citing public order concerns. Pro-democracy protests resumed in May 2025 amid growing public frustration.
2. Chad
Date of Military Takeover: April 2021
Current Leader: General Mahamat Idriss Déby
Status: Following the death of President Idriss Déby, his son assumed power through a military council, bypassing constitutional procedures. Though a transition period was initially declared, Chad remains under military rule with extended deadlines.
3. Guinea
Date of Military Takeover: September 2021
Current Leader: Colonel Mamady Doumbouya
Status: After ousting President Alpha Condé, the junta pledged to restore civilian rule within two years. However, no concrete election timetable has been followed, and Guinea remains under military governance as of 2025.
4. Sudan
Date of Military Takeover: October 2021
Current Leader: General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
Status: The military dissolved the transitional government, sparking widespread protests and ongoing conflict, particularly with the Rapid Support Forces. In May 2025, Burhan appointed Kamil Idris as Prime Minister in an attempt to reestablish governance, though the situation remains unstable.
5. Burkina Faso
Date of Military Takeovers: January 2022 and September 2022
Current Leader: Captain Ibrahim Traoré
Status: Following two coups within a year, Traoré assumed power citing worsening insecurity due to jihadist violence. The military government has suppressed dissent and delayed elections indefinitely.
6. Niger
Date of Military Takeover: July 2023
Current Leader: General Abdourahamane Tchiani
Status: The junta proposed a three-year transition following the coup that deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. Diplomatic negotiations led by ECOWAS have so far failed to produce a return to civilian rule.
7. Gabon
Date of Military Takeover: August 2023
Current Leader: General Brice Oligui Nguema
Status: The military deposed President Ali Bongo following disputed elections. General Nguema was sworn in as transitional president and has announced plans to contest elections scheduled for August 2025.
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