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By Dr. Francis OSEI-KUFFOUR<\/strong><\/p>\nLet me lean on ILAPI and be emphatic that \u2018Abusua bi te sika so, \u0510nso ek\u03fdm de w\u03fdn\u2019<\/em>, literally translated as \u2018some families are sitting on money, yet live in poverty\u2019<\/em>.<\/p>\nThe recent publication by the Institute for Liberty and Policy Innovation (ILAPI) resonated with a text I read in the Holy Bible (II Kings 4:1) and I believe might be in the Quran as well, which talks about a creditor chasing a family (as it is done to guarantors in our day<\/em><\/strong>) for an amount borrowed by a deceased husband and father.<\/p>\n\n<! — Revive Adserver Asynchronous JS Tag – Generated with Revive Adserver v5.4.1 –>
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I\u2019ve always wondered whether the above\u2019s opposite cannot also hold \u2013 whereby banks, and for that matter the Bank of Ghana,\u2018chase\u2019<\/em><\/strong> families to remit deposits made by deceased family members.<\/p>\nThe publication noted that the Bank of Ghana is holding onto approximately GH\u00a2500,000,000 in Dormant Accounts \u2013 from various financial institutions that have accumulated between 2016 and 2023 as a result of unclaimed wealth belonging to deceased individuals (ILAPI, 2024).<\/p>\n
The problem of deceased customers\u2019 inaccessible account while their families struggle with poverty is profound (Addae, 2024; Bolton, 2024; ILAPI, 2024). As a result, the \u2018micro\u2019 economic outlook of these families becomes bleak while the \u2018macro\u2019 economy boosts its reserves with the deceased customers\u2019 wealth. This explains the call by various stakeholder groups for new policies toward a new economic order in Ghana to address the phenomenon.<\/p>\n
Sections (1) to (7) of Article 143 of the Banks and Specialised Deposit-Taking Institutions Act, 2016 (Act 930) indeed make clear the procedures on unclaimed balances. Sections (4), (6) and (7) seemed to, partly, address the agitations of concerned citizens.<\/p>\n
Section (4) has it that: \u2018\u2018Where an account is transferred to a register of dormant accounts and the account has been on the register for three years, the bank or specialised deposit-taking institution shall advertise in at least two daily newspapers of national circulation <\/strong>\u00a0(emphasis mine<\/em><\/strong>) the fact that the account has been on the register of dormant accounts for three years\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\nSection (6) continues that: \u2018\u2018Where an account has been in the register of dormant accounts for a period of three years and that fact has been advertised as required under subsection (4), the balance on the account shall be transferred to an account earmarked for that purpose at the Bank of Ghana\u2019\u2019. Section (7) concludes the article by indicating that:\u00a0 \u2018\u2018Where a balance has been transferred under subsection (6), the Bank of Ghana shall, on a request, refund any unclaimed balances to the depositor; or if the depositor is dead, to the legal representative of the depositor <\/strong>(emphasis mine)<\/em><\/strong> (GBSDTI Act 2016, Act 930).<\/p>\nAs clear as these procedures may be, an issue of concern is that one is not sure about the kind of details banks or specialised deposit-taking institutions are required to display in advertising the dormant account which will catch the attention of deceased depositors\u2019 families.<\/p>\n
Another concern is the problem with tracing families of deceased account holders (ILAPI, 2024). Bank and specialised deposit-taking institutions trace and\/or chase loan guarantors to redeem facilities granted untraceable customers to reduce their Non-Performing Loan (NPL) rates.<\/p>\n
Can\u2019t this trace be replicated using the contacts of Next-of-Kin as indicated in the account-opening form? Or can a new form be introduced to help trace and\/or chase depositors\u2019 beneficiary (Payable on Death Form)? A quick glance at Section (4) of the GBSDTI Act 2016, (Act 930) brings to mind the needfulness for advertisements when particulars of Next-of-Kin might be sitting in a deceased customer\u2019s folder.<\/p>\n
The initial thought of most concerned citizens on \u2018Next-of-Kin\u2019 was made hollow by the recent Bank of Ghana educational notice (NO.BG\/GOV\/SEC\/2024\/22), which noted that Next-of- Kin does not automatically<\/u> inherit account of deceased<\/em> (BOG, 2024). the Bank of Ghana explained that Next-of-Kin is usually the closest living relative of the account holder, listed as a contact person in case the account holder is unreachable \u2013 hence it does not grant the Next-of-Kin automatic access to or inheritance of funds in the account upon the account holder\u2019s death.<\/p>\nThe notice further advised that the Next-of-Kin would be required to submit various legal documents such as a death certificate, Letters of Administration or Letters of Probate to access the account of a deceased customer. This might account for the over 1.4 million accounts transferred from Banks and Specialised Deposit-Taking Institutions from 2021 to June 2024, according to ILAPI (2024).<\/p>\n
This article considers ILAPI\u2019s recommendations to the Bank of Ghana \u2013 Integration of National ID, Public Transparency, Annual Reporting of Dormant account data, Collaborative Identification Efforts to locate beneficiaries, and Setting Retention Periods for Dormant Funds to ensure families can access these resources through recognised legal processes \u2013 as good advocating measures for reforms that facilitate access to dormant accounts by next of kin. This article seeks to add a dimension to the proposed recommendations.<\/p>\n
In moving toward a new economic order in Ghana to enhance the \u2018micro\u2019 economic conditions of families whose relatives die intestate but were customers of Banks and Specialised Deposit-Taking Institutions, Payable on Death (POD) forms could be introduced in Ghana by the Bank of Ghana as a banking and specialised deposit-taking policy.<\/p>\n
Payable on death (POD) is not a new concept in the banking and specialised deposit-taking industry. Studies indicate that POD is an arrangement that an individual makes with financial institutions to designate beneficiary(ies) to their accounts, who will inherit funds in the account in the events of their death(Aoki & Aldrich, 2023; Kagan, 2024).<\/p>\n
According to those authors, the financial institution provides an account owner a beneficiary designation form to fill out and the completed form gives the bank or specialised deposit-taking institution authorisation to convert the account to a POD; and that upon death of the account holder, the beneficiary automatically becomes the account\u2019s owner.<\/p>\n
The authors added that a POD-designated beneficiary prevails even if the beneficiary of a POD account is different from a named beneficiary in the will of an account holder as pertains in other jurisdictions.<\/p>\n
The present policy\u2019s main drawback is not permitting an alternate name as beneficiary to the initial POD account when the initially named beneficiary dies before the account owner, in which case the contents of the account automatically transfer to the Dormant account (Kagan, 2024).<\/p>\n
This article believes POD would reduce the number of accounts transferred to Dormant account each year in Ghana, with a resultant effect of improving economic conditions for deceased account holders\u2019 surviving family members.<\/p>\n
References<\/strong><\/p>\nAddae, J.K. (2024, August 28). Next of Kin does not automatically inherit account of deceased- Bank of-Ghana<\/em>. https:\/\/www.graphic.com.gh\/news\/general-news\/next-of-kin-does-not-automatically-inherit-account-of-deceased-bank-of-ghana.html<\/p>\nAoki, K. & Aldrich, E. (2023, August 10). Payable-On-Death Bank Account: Pros And Cons. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/advisor\/banking\/payable-on-death-bank-accont\/<\/p>\n
BOG (2024).The-Concept of \u2018\u2018Next of Kin\u2019\u2019 in Bank Account Operation. https:\/\/www.bog. gov.gh\/ wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/THE-CONCEPT-OF-NEXT-OF-KIN-IN-BANK-ACCOUNT-OPERATION-1.pdf<\/p>\n
Bolton, K. (2024, November 6). Dormant accounts with BOG hold over Gh\u20b5167.8m, Ilapi reveals. https:\/\/www.gbcghanaonline.com\/news\/business\/bog-dormant\/2024\/<\/p>\n
ILAPI (2024). Bank of Ghana Holding Close to a Billion Cedis in Dormant Account. https:\/\/norvanreports.com\/bank-of-ghana-holding-close-to-half-a-billion-cedis-in-dormant-accounts-ilapi-says\/<\/p>\n
Kagan, J. (2024, June 13). Payable on Death (POD) Account Benefits and Drawbacks. https:\/\/www. investopedia.com\/terms\/p\/payableondeath.asp<\/p>\n
Nartey, L. (2024, November 5). Over GH167. 8m, $14.6m, \u00a3 2.4m in dormant accounts with Bank of Ghana \u2013 ILAPI report. https:\/\/3news.com\/business\/over-gh167-8m-14-6m-2-4m-in-dormant-accounts-with-bank-of-ghana-ilapi-report\/<\/p>\n
The writer is with the <\/em><\/strong>Valley View University<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
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By Dr. Francis OSEI-KUFFOUR Let me lean on ILAPI and be emphatic that \u2018Abusua bi te sika so, \u0510nso ek\u03fdm de w\u03fdn\u2019, literally translated as \u2018some families are sitting on money, yet live in poverty\u2019. The recent publication by the Institute for Liberty and Policy Innovation (ILAPI) resonated with a text I read in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":254111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-254110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-business"],"yoast_head":"\n
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