{"id":238853,"date":"2024-10-25T08:19:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T08:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T08:19:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T08:19:01","slug":"ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;DDEP didn&#8217;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"article-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ghanaweb.com\/imagelib\/pics\/907\/90790602.295.jpg\" alt=\"Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson\" title=\"Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson\" width=\"295\" height=\"220\" \/> <span class=\"image_caption\"><span>Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-touch-callout: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;\">\n<p id=\"article-123\">The Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson, has challenged Finance minister Dr Amin Adam over his claim that the Domestic Debt Exchange Programme (DDEP) saved Ghana a staggering $12 billion.<\/p>\n<p>In a social media post countering the Finance minister, Joe Jackson responded to the news, asserting, &#8220;DDEP did not save us $12bn. The govt took $12bn from its citizens by force! Set the record straight.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Speaking on a panel discussion held as part of the 2024 Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group on Wednesday, October 23, the Minister emphasised that the DDEP had been an instrumental policy measure in addressing Ghana\u2019s financial difficulties and alleviating its debt load, creating a more sustainable fiscal environment.<\/p>\n<p>According to Dr. Amin Adam, the DDEP, launched in December 2022, was a monumental success that laid the groundwork for broader debt restructuring efforts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe DDEP was a great success, and we followed that with the restructuring of our bilateral debt, which was also very successful. This led to significant savings of about $2.8 billion. Following this, the restructuring of our Eurobonds, which is about $13 billion, was concluded in the first week of this month, marking another great success.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe benefits we have derived from this so far include an outright debt cancellation of about $5 billion and another debt service relief of about $4.3 billion. So, between the bilateral creditors and the Eurobonds, we are talking about savings of about $12 billion. We think this is a great success, and we are still working on restructuring our commercial creditors involving about $2.7 billion, which we are working very hard to conclude,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" xml:lang=\"en\">DDEP did not save us $12bn<\/p>\n<p>The govt took $12bn from its citizens by force!<br \/>&#13;<br \/>\nSet the record straight. https:\/\/t.co\/EUxudnCtY2 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/oRlrXMWlnA\">pic.twitter.com\/oRlrXMWlnA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Joe Jackson (@Joe_Jackson_GH) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Joe_Jackson_GH\/status\/1849522363513065584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 24, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>AM\/KA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson The Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson, has challenged Finance minister Dr Amin Adam over his claim that the Domestic Debt Exchange Programme (DDEP) saved Ghana a staggering $12 billion. In a social media post countering the Finance minister, Joe Jackson responded to the news, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":226803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-238853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&#039;DDEP didn&#039;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#039; - Ghanamma.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&#039;DDEP didn&#039;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#039; - Ghanamma.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson The Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson, has challenged Finance minister Dr Amin Adam over his claim that the Domestic Debt Exchange Programme (DDEP) saved Ghana a staggering $12 billion. In a social media post countering the Finance minister, Joe Jackson responded to the news, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ghanamma.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"448\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ghana News\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ghana News\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ghana News\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5\"},\"headline\":\"&#8216;DDEP didn&#8217;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#8217;\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":327,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/90790602.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Top News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/\",\"name\":\"'DDEP didn't save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force' - Ghanamma.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/90790602.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/90790602.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/90790602.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":448},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/25\\\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"&#8216;DDEP didn&#8217;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#8217;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ghanamma.com\",\"description\":\"Ghana mma provides breaking news, top stories in Ghana, Africa, business, entertainment, politics and more.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5\",\"name\":\"Ghana News\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ghana News\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ghanamma.com\\\/2024\\\/author\\\/ghanamma\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"'DDEP didn't save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force' - Ghanamma.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"'DDEP didn't save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force' - Ghanamma.com","og_description":"Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson The Chief Executive Officer of Dalex Finance, Joe Jackson, has challenged Finance minister Dr Amin Adam over his claim that the Domestic Debt Exchange Programme (DDEP) saved Ghana a staggering $12 billion. In a social media post countering the Finance minister, Joe Jackson responded to the news, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/","og_site_name":"Ghanamma.com","article_published_time":"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":448,"url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ghana News","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ghana News","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/"},"author":{"name":"Ghana News","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/#\/schema\/person\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5"},"headline":"&#8216;DDEP didn&#8217;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#8217;","datePublished":"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/"},"wordCount":327,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg","articleSection":["Top News"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/","name":"'DDEP didn't save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force' - Ghanamma.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg","datePublished":"2024-10-25T08:19:01+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/#\/schema\/person\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/90790602.jpg","width":600,"height":448},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/10\/25\/ddep-didnt-save-us-12bn-government-took-us12bn-from-its-citizens-by-force\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"&#8216;DDEP didn&#8217;t save us $12bn, government took US$12bn from its citizens by force&#8217;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/","name":"Ghanamma.com","description":"Ghana mma provides breaking news, top stories in Ghana, Africa, business, entertainment, politics and more.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/#\/schema\/person\/c70749f3edfbfcd92d45e933f0fe10b5","name":"Ghana News","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22cb97c2b08df229330efb2b8c2645feaae8d3ca3ee434035fbb668b5b82f570?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ghana News"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024"],"url":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/author\/ghanamma\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=238853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/226803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=238853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=238853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=238853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}