Did you know that cardiovascular disease (CVD), popularly known as heart disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide?
According to the World Health Organization, there are 18 million victims annually. Of this total, 85% are due to heart attacks and strokes.
Of the 17 million premature deaths (people under 70) due to non-transmissible chronic diseases, 82% occur in developing countries, with 37% occurring due to cardiovascular diseases.
Understand which are the most frequent CVDs and learn what to do to prevent them.
What are the most common cardiovascular diseases?
Among the cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the complication that most victims people, however, there may be several causes of death due to complications of these diseases.
The main causes of death by CVD, according to Medical News Today are:
1. coronary heart disease
Occurs due to problems in vessels that irrigate the heart. It includes acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and atherosclerotic disease (fatty plaque in the arteries). The accumulation of fat in the vessel wall already starts in the intrauterine life, due to the dysregulation in cholesterol levels, euated through the lipid profile exam.
2 – Cerebral Stroke
Stroke is the interruption of the blood supply to some area of the brain and can occur in two ways: ischemic, when a thrombus or fatty plaque occludes a vessel, or hemorrhagic, when the vessel ruptures and stops irrigating the corresponding area.
3. Hypertensive Heart Disease
Here we find the pathologies which develop as a result of the patient’s high blood pressure and include heart failure, cardiomegaly and coronary artery disease.
4. Inflammatory Heart Disease
This is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), which can cause heart dilatation, thrombi in the heart wall, infiltration of circulating blood cells, around the coronary arteries and between muscle fibres.
5. Rheumatic disease
It is caused by infection with Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes, which, when not treated correctly, can affect the heart muscle and ves.
6. Other heart diseases
This category includes heart tumours, brain vessel tumours, heart muscle diseases and heart ve problems.
How to prevent cardiovascular diseases?
Most CVDs can be prevented with changes in lifestyle habits.
People with cardiovascular disease, or those at high risk of developing it, require early detection of this trend and appropriate monitoring involving both counselling and the use of drugs, if necessary.
Smoking cessation, reduced salt intake in the diet, fruit and vegetable consumption, regular physical activity and the conscientious use of alcohol have been shown to greatly reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
In addition to these, treatment of diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension) and dyslipidemia (altered cholesterol and triglyceride levels) are also necessary in the prevention of heart attacks and strokes.
What are the symptoms?
Many CVDs do not produce symptoms until the moment they become an imminent health problem, such as acute myocardial infarction. For this reason prevention is the best way to avoid a complication.
AMI and stroke are the cardiovascular diseases that need immediate resolution and should be identified as soon as they begin to show signs of complication.
Acute Myocardial Infarction:
Pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest
Pain or discomfort in the arms, left shoulder, elbows, jaw or back
Besides these, the person may also have difficulty breathing; nausea and vomiting; feeling faint; cold sweating; pallor. Women present, more commonly, signs such as: difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, pain in the back and in the jaw region.
Regarding stroke, the most common symptom is sudden weakness of muscles in the face, arm or leg, occurring mostly on one side of the body.
Other symptoms include:
Numbness of face, arm or leg, mostly on one side of the body
Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding what is said
Difficulty seeing with one or both eyes
Difficulty walking, sleepiness and loss of co-ordination or balance
Severe headache with no known cause
Fainting or unconsciousness
A person experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.
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