{"id":470756,"date":"2011-07-30T23:00:51","date_gmt":"2011-07-30T23:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ghanamma.net\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/"},"modified":"2011-07-30T23:00:51","modified_gmt":"2011-07-30T23:00:51","slug":"terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/","title":{"rendered":"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

BY HUGO ODIOGOR<\/p>\n

Terrorism\u00a0 is defined as \u201cthe use of violence or threatened use of violence against vulnerable and defenceless people in non-combat situation, to strike fear in the large populace and make political statement\u201d.<\/p>\n

Although there is no universally accepted definition of the term, the United Nations (UN) came close to adopting a common position in 2005, but a last minute objection by the United States (US) forced a stalemate. This lack of universal acceptance of the use of the term \u201cterrorism\u201d and what constitutes \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d remains a problem in the eye of international law and jurisprudence.<\/p>\n

This\u00a0 lack of consensus on \u201cwhat is terrorism and the objectives of its use\u201d is a fallout of what Dr. Ademola Adeleke of University of Lagos described as \u201cthe in-group vs out-group\u201d projection and transference of negative feelings and emotions in social relations.<\/p>\n

This manifests in\u00a0 the complex of the oppressed vs the oppressor, in terms of projection of feelings of frustration, marginalisation and other forms of social discontent, against the perceived\u00a0 oppressor. This is usually a tactic\u00a0 used by the in-group to force the out-group to come to the negotiating table. Terrorism, like guerrilla warfare,\u00a0 is a tactic employed in the prosecution of asymmetric war where there is a disproportionate balance of force between the combatants.<\/p>\n

THE MEDIA FACTOR
With 24-hour online and live telecast of events, the people can watch live pictures of acts of terrorism as was the case last week when Anders Behering Breivik\u00a0 trapped youths at a camp in Utoya, Norway where he killed at least 76 people in mindless cold blood. The same spectacle was witnessed during the 2009 Mumbai\u00a0 terror attacks\u00a0 and the 2001 Al-Qaeda inspired attacks\u00a0 on the World Trade Center,\u00a0 New York.<\/p>\n

The sight of such tragic occurrence attacks a horrifying spectacle in the minds of the watching public. This gives the terrorists the expected feeling of awe and power over their victims. The media becomes a magnifier of terrorism and an unconscious propaganda tool for the terrorists.<\/p>\n

The objective of terrorism is to spread fear and influence public opinion to their cause and in the process force a negotiation.\u00a0 Terrorism as a tactics was first used during the French revolution when the famous \u2018reign of terror\u2019 was instituted by Robespeirre, the leader of the\u00a0 revolution. Terrorism thrives on the philosophy that \u201cthe end justifies the means\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Palestinian groups used hijacking of passenger planes and blowing them up mid air, attacks on social and economic infrastructure, kidnapping ,in the 1970s to prosecute their campaign for global attention to their plight in the Middle East. The African\u00a0National Congress employed sabotage of economic infrastructure during its campaign against institutionalised racism in South Africa. The other liberation movements in Africa employed similar tactics to achieve their goals. In effect, the in-group \/ out-group projections created a situation where one man\u2019s terrorist is another man\u2019s freedom fighter.<\/p>\n

IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
During the East -West\u00a0 ideological conflict, the use of terrorism was either justified or condemned based on ideological disposition. Groups fighting capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America employed this tactic. There are different classifications of terrorism namely home grown terrorism such as the type that Breivik unleashed on Norway and the Oklahoma bombings of 1992 by Tim\u00a0 McVeigh .<\/p>\n

There are trans-border\u00a0acts of terrorism, international terrorism and other forms of conceptualising acts of terror and carrying it out in another jurisdiction. The Al-Qaeda terror attacks\u00a0 were\u00a0 conceptualised outside the US by foreigners who hijacked airlines in the American suicide attacks. Other forms of terrorism such as\u00a0narcotics and religious terrorism\u00a0have been added\u00a0 to the lexicon of terrorism . Breivik listed his revulsion to multi-culturalism and the growing influence of Muslims in Oslo as his motives for the last week horrific action in Utoya.<\/p>\n

Nigeria is today contending with its own home grown religion and politically motivated terrorism spear headed by the Boko Haram fundamentalist religious sect based in the north\u00a0 eastern part of the country.\u00a0 We also\u00a0 had\u00a0 militancy\u00a0 in the Niger Delta, where a campaign for social and economic justice, resource control and balancing of the ecological terrorism\u00a0 perpetuated by the multinational oil companies was\u00a0 initiated.<\/p>\n

THE BOKO HARAM INVITATION
According to Dr. Rasheed Akinyemi of University of\u00a0 Lagos, the Boko Haram\u00a0 is waging a battle against the Nigerian state which it perceives as corrupt, inept and irresponsive to the needs of the citizenry. This\u00a0 explains why it has been attacking agents of the state such as the\u00a0 police and the army and government infrastructure\u00a0 in the north.<\/p>\n

Contrary to popular belief,\u00a0 Akinyemi said Boko Haram\u00a0is not made up of a bunch of illiterates, but consists of intellectuals, members of the ruling political elite, traditional rulers, retired military chieftains and those elites who feel sidelined by the power game at the center.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Comments are moderated. Please keep them clean and brief.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Read the article:
\nTerrorism & Sovereign National Conference option<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BY HUGO ODIOGOR Terrorism\u00a0 is defined as \u201cthe use of violence or threatened use of violence against vulnerable and defenceless people in non-combat situation, to strike fear in the large populace and make political statement\u201d. Although there is no universally accepted definition of the term, the United Nations (UN) came close to adopting a common position in 2005, but a last minute objection by the United States (US) forced a stalemate. This lack of universal acceptance of the use of the term \u201cterrorism\u201d and what constitutes \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d remains a problem in the eye of international law and jurisprudence. This\u00a0 lack of consensus on \u201cwhat is terrorism and the objectives of its use\u201d is a fallout of what Dr. Ademola Adeleke of University of Lagos described as \u201cthe in-group vs out-group\u201d projection and transference of negative feelings and emotions in social relations. This manifests in\u00a0 the complex of the oppressed vs the oppressor, in terms of projection of feelings of frustration, marginalisation and other forms of social discontent, against the perceived\u00a0 oppressor. This is usually a tactic\u00a0 used by the in-group to force the out-group to come to the negotiating table. Terrorism, like guerrilla warfare,\u00a0 is a tactic employed in the prosecution of asymmetric war where there is a disproportionate balance of force between the combatants. THE MEDIA FACTOR With 24-hour online and live telecast of events, the people can watch live pictures of acts of terrorism as was the case last week when Anders Behering Breivik\u00a0 trapped youths at a camp in Utoya, Norway where he killed at least 76 people in mindless cold blood. The same spectacle was witnessed during the 2009 Mumbai\u00a0 terror attacks\u00a0 and the 2001 Al-Qaeda inspired attacks\u00a0 on the World Trade Center,\u00a0 New York. The sight of such tragic occurrence attacks a horrifying spectacle in the minds of the watching public. This gives the terrorists the expected feeling of awe and power over their victims. The media becomes a magnifier of terrorism and an unconscious propaganda tool for the terrorists. The objective of terrorism is to spread fear and influence public opinion to their cause and in the process force a negotiation.\u00a0 Terrorism as a tactics was first used during the French revolution when the famous \u2018reign of terror\u2019 was instituted by Robespeirre, the leader of the\u00a0 revolution. Terrorism thrives on the philosophy that \u201cthe end justifies the means\u201d. The Palestinian groups used hijacking of passenger planes and blowing them up mid air, attacks on social and economic infrastructure, kidnapping ,in the 1970s to prosecute their campaign for global attention to their plight in the Middle East. The African\u00a0National Congress employed sabotage of economic infrastructure during its campaign against institutionalised racism in South Africa. The other liberation movements in Africa employed similar tactics to achieve their goals. In effect, the in-group \/ out-group projections created a situation where one man\u2019s terrorist is another man\u2019s freedom fighter. IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES During the East -West\u00a0 ideological conflict, the use of terrorism was either justified or condemned based on ideological disposition. Groups fighting capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America employed this tactic. There are different classifications of terrorism namely home grown terrorism such as the type that Breivik unleashed on Norway and the Oklahoma bombings of 1992 by Tim\u00a0 McVeigh . There are trans-border\u00a0acts of terrorism, international terrorism and other forms of conceptualising acts of terror and carrying it out in another jurisdiction. The Al-Qaeda terror attacks\u00a0 were\u00a0 conceptualised outside the US by foreigners who hijacked airlines in the American suicide attacks. Other forms of terrorism such as\u00a0narcotics and religious terrorism\u00a0have been added\u00a0 to the lexicon of terrorism . Breivik listed his revulsion to multi-culturalism and the growing influence of Muslims in Oslo as his motives for the last week horrific action in Utoya. Nigeria is today contending with its own home grown religion and politically motivated terrorism spear headed by the Boko Haram fundamentalist religious sect based in the north\u00a0 eastern part of the country.\u00a0 We also\u00a0 had\u00a0 militancy\u00a0 in the Niger Delta, where a campaign for social and economic justice, resource control and balancing of the ecological terrorism\u00a0 perpetuated by the multinational oil companies was\u00a0 initiated. THE BOKO HARAM INVITATION According to Dr. Rasheed Akinyemi of University of\u00a0 Lagos, the Boko Haram\u00a0 is waging a battle against the Nigerian state which it perceives as corrupt, inept and irresponsive to the needs of the citizenry. This\u00a0 explains why it has been attacking agents of the state such as the\u00a0 police and the army and government infrastructure\u00a0 in the north. Contrary to popular belief,\u00a0 Akinyemi said Boko Haram\u00a0is not made up of a bunch of illiterates, but consists of intellectuals, members of the ruling political elite, traditional rulers, retired military chieftains and those elites who feel sidelined by the power game at the center. Comments are moderated. Please keep them clean and brief. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-470756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nTerrorism & Sovereign National Conference option - Ghanamma.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option - Ghanamma.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"BY HUGO ODIOGOR Terrorism\u00a0 is defined as \u201cthe use of violence or threatened use of violence against vulnerable and defenceless people in non-combat situation, to strike fear in the large populace and make political statement\u201d. Although there is no universally accepted definition of the term, the United Nations (UN) came close to adopting a common position in 2005, but a last minute objection by the United States (US) forced a stalemate. This lack of universal acceptance of the use of the term \u201cterrorism\u201d and what constitutes \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d remains a problem in the eye of international law and jurisprudence. This\u00a0 lack of consensus on \u201cwhat is terrorism and the objectives of its use\u201d is a fallout of what Dr. Ademola Adeleke of University of Lagos described as \u201cthe in-group vs out-group\u201d projection and transference of negative feelings and emotions in social relations. This manifests in\u00a0 the complex of the oppressed vs the oppressor, in terms of projection of feelings of frustration, marginalisation and other forms of social discontent, against the perceived\u00a0 oppressor. This is usually a tactic\u00a0 used by the in-group to force the out-group to come to the negotiating table. Terrorism, like guerrilla warfare,\u00a0 is a tactic employed in the prosecution of asymmetric war where there is a disproportionate balance of force between the combatants. THE MEDIA FACTOR With 24-hour online and live telecast of events, the people can watch live pictures of acts of terrorism as was the case last week when Anders Behering Breivik\u00a0 trapped youths at a camp in Utoya, Norway where he killed at least 76 people in mindless cold blood. The same spectacle was witnessed during the 2009 Mumbai\u00a0 terror attacks\u00a0 and the 2001 Al-Qaeda inspired attacks\u00a0 on the World Trade Center,\u00a0 New York. The sight of such tragic occurrence attacks a horrifying spectacle in the minds of the watching public. This gives the terrorists the expected feeling of awe and power over their victims. The media becomes a magnifier of terrorism and an unconscious propaganda tool for the terrorists. The objective of terrorism is to spread fear and influence public opinion to their cause and in the process force a negotiation.\u00a0 Terrorism as a tactics was first used during the French revolution when the famous \u2018reign of terror\u2019 was instituted by Robespeirre, the leader of the\u00a0 revolution. Terrorism thrives on the philosophy that \u201cthe end justifies the means\u201d. The Palestinian groups used hijacking of passenger planes and blowing them up mid air, attacks on social and economic infrastructure, kidnapping ,in the 1970s to prosecute their campaign for global attention to their plight in the Middle East. The African\u00a0National Congress employed sabotage of economic infrastructure during its campaign against institutionalised racism in South Africa. The other liberation movements in Africa employed similar tactics to achieve their goals. In effect, the in-group \/ out-group projections created a situation where one man\u2019s terrorist is another man\u2019s freedom fighter. IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES During the East -West\u00a0 ideological conflict, the use of terrorism was either justified or condemned based on ideological disposition. Groups fighting capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America employed this tactic. There are different classifications of terrorism namely home grown terrorism such as the type that Breivik unleashed on Norway and the Oklahoma bombings of 1992 by Tim\u00a0 McVeigh . There are trans-border\u00a0acts of terrorism, international terrorism and other forms of conceptualising acts of terror and carrying it out in another jurisdiction. The Al-Qaeda terror attacks\u00a0 were\u00a0 conceptualised outside the US by foreigners who hijacked airlines in the American suicide attacks. Other forms of terrorism such as\u00a0narcotics and religious terrorism\u00a0have been added\u00a0 to the lexicon of terrorism . Breivik listed his revulsion to multi-culturalism and the growing influence of Muslims in Oslo as his motives for the last week horrific action in Utoya. Nigeria is today contending with its own home grown religion and politically motivated terrorism spear headed by the Boko Haram fundamentalist religious sect based in the north\u00a0 eastern part of the country.\u00a0 We also\u00a0 had\u00a0 militancy\u00a0 in the Niger Delta, where a campaign for social and economic justice, resource control and balancing of the ecological terrorism\u00a0 perpetuated by the multinational oil companies was\u00a0 initiated. THE BOKO HARAM INVITATION According to Dr. Rasheed Akinyemi of University of\u00a0 Lagos, the Boko Haram\u00a0 is waging a battle against the Nigerian state which it perceives as corrupt, inept and irresponsive to the needs of the citizenry. This\u00a0 explains why it has been attacking agents of the state such as the\u00a0 police and the army and government infrastructure\u00a0 in the north. Contrary to popular belief,\u00a0 Akinyemi said Boko Haram\u00a0is not made up of a bunch of illiterates, but consists of intellectuals, members of the ruling political elite, traditional rulers, retired military chieftains and those elites who feel sidelined by the power game at the center. Comments are moderated. Please keep them clean and brief.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ghanamma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ghanamma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-30T23:00:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\"},\"wordCount\":817,\"commentCount\":0,\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\",\"name\":\"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option - Ghanamma.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-30T23:00:51+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/\",\"name\":\"Ghanamma.com\",\"description\":\"News In Ghana - Latest Ghana News Headlines\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option - Ghanamma.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ghanamma.com\/2011\/07\/30\/terrorism-sovereign-national-conference-option\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Terrorism & Sovereign National Conference option - Ghanamma.com","twitter_description":"BY HUGO ODIOGOR Terrorism\u00a0 is defined as \u201cthe use of violence or threatened use of violence against vulnerable and defenceless people in non-combat situation, to strike fear in the large populace and make political statement\u201d. Although there is no universally accepted definition of the term, the United Nations (UN) came close to adopting a common position in 2005, but a last minute objection by the United States (US) forced a stalemate. This lack of universal acceptance of the use of the term \u201cterrorism\u201d and what constitutes \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d remains a problem in the eye of international law and jurisprudence. This\u00a0 lack of consensus on \u201cwhat is terrorism and the objectives of its use\u201d is a fallout of what Dr. Ademola Adeleke of University of Lagos described as \u201cthe in-group vs out-group\u201d projection and transference of negative feelings and emotions in social relations. This manifests in\u00a0 the complex of the oppressed vs the oppressor, in terms of projection of feelings of frustration, marginalisation and other forms of social discontent, against the perceived\u00a0 oppressor. This is usually a tactic\u00a0 used by the in-group to force the out-group to come to the negotiating table. Terrorism, like guerrilla warfare,\u00a0 is a tactic employed in the prosecution of asymmetric war where there is a disproportionate balance of force between the combatants. THE MEDIA FACTOR With 24-hour online and live telecast of events, the people can watch live pictures of acts of terrorism as was the case last week when Anders Behering Breivik\u00a0 trapped youths at a camp in Utoya, Norway where he killed at least 76 people in mindless cold blood. The same spectacle was witnessed during the 2009 Mumbai\u00a0 terror attacks\u00a0 and the 2001 Al-Qaeda inspired attacks\u00a0 on the World Trade Center,\u00a0 New York. The sight of such tragic occurrence attacks a horrifying spectacle in the minds of the watching public. This gives the terrorists the expected feeling of awe and power over their victims. The media becomes a magnifier of terrorism and an unconscious propaganda tool for the terrorists. The objective of terrorism is to spread fear and influence public opinion to their cause and in the process force a negotiation.\u00a0 Terrorism as a tactics was first used during the French revolution when the famous \u2018reign of terror\u2019 was instituted by Robespeirre, the leader of the\u00a0 revolution. Terrorism thrives on the philosophy that \u201cthe end justifies the means\u201d. The Palestinian groups used hijacking of passenger planes and blowing them up mid air, attacks on social and economic infrastructure, kidnapping ,in the 1970s to prosecute their campaign for global attention to their plight in the Middle East. The African\u00a0National Congress employed sabotage of economic infrastructure during its campaign against institutionalised racism in South Africa. The other liberation movements in Africa employed similar tactics to achieve their goals. In effect, the in-group \/ out-group projections created a situation where one man\u2019s terrorist is another man\u2019s freedom fighter. IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES During the East -West\u00a0 ideological conflict, the use of terrorism was either justified or condemned based on ideological disposition. Groups fighting capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America employed this tactic. There are different classifications of terrorism namely home grown terrorism such as the type that Breivik unleashed on Norway and the Oklahoma bombings of 1992 by Tim\u00a0 McVeigh . There are trans-border\u00a0acts of terrorism, international terrorism and other forms of conceptualising acts of terror and carrying it out in another jurisdiction. The Al-Qaeda terror attacks\u00a0 were\u00a0 conceptualised outside the US by foreigners who hijacked airlines in the American suicide attacks. Other forms of terrorism such as\u00a0narcotics and religious terrorism\u00a0have been added\u00a0 to the lexicon of terrorism . Breivik listed his revulsion to multi-culturalism and the growing influence of Muslims in Oslo as his motives for the last week horrific action in Utoya. Nigeria is today contending with its own home grown religion and politically motivated terrorism spear headed by the Boko Haram fundamentalist religious sect based in the north\u00a0 eastern part of the country.\u00a0 We also\u00a0 had\u00a0 militancy\u00a0 in the Niger Delta, where a campaign for social and economic justice, resource control and balancing of the ecological terrorism\u00a0 perpetuated by the multinational oil companies was\u00a0 initiated. THE BOKO HARAM INVITATION According to Dr. Rasheed Akinyemi of University of\u00a0 Lagos, the Boko Haram\u00a0 is waging a battle against the Nigerian state which it perceives as corrupt, inept and irresponsive to the needs of the citizenry. This\u00a0 explains why it has been attacking agents of the state such as the\u00a0 police and the army and government infrastructure\u00a0 in the north. Contrary to popular belief,\u00a0 Akinyemi said Boko Haram\u00a0is not made up of a bunch of illiterates, but consists of intellectuals, members of the ruling political elite, traditional rulers, retired military chieftains and those elites who feel sidelined by the power game at the center. Comments are moderated. 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