Touch a germ-infected surface, then rub your nose or mouth, and the next thing you know, microbes are dancing the mambo in your body.<\/p>\n
With the cold and flu and other run-of-the-mill bugs crawling about public places year round, germaphobes have plenty to worry about.<\/p>\n
No wonder. Unfortunately, going anywhere people congregate can boost your chances of getting sick, says Philip Tierno, Ph.D., author of The Secret Life of Germs (Atria) and director of clinical microbiology and immunology at New York University’s Langone Medical Center.<\/p>\n
That\u2019s because viruses and bacteria live practically everywhere \u2014 shopping malls, grocery stores, playgrounds, petting zoos, restaurants. They can survive up to two hours on shopping carts, escalator handrails, even doorknobs before they find their next victim.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe encounter about 60,000 types of germs every year, but if you\u2019re healthy, there\u2019s no need to fear going out in public,\u201d Tierno says: Only 1%-2% are potentially dangerous to people with normal immunity. Plus, the body has an incredible ability to fight off germs. Special cells called neutrophils and lymphocytes (white blood cells) attack any microscopic invader.<\/p>\n
You can also give your defense system a boost by taking steps to prevent infection. Read on for the top 8 germiest public places and ways to stay healthy:<\/p>\n
1. Grocery store
Germiest items: Shopping cart handles and seat buckets<\/p>\n
Watch out! Shopping cart handles are a breeding ground for infectious viruses and gut-wrenching bacteria.<\/p>\n
\u201cCustomers may sneeze, wipe their noses, then touch the cart handles,\u201d says Lola Stamm, M.S., Ph.D., a microbiologist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.<\/p>\n
They\u2019re also contaminated by children\u2019s dirty hands. And by leaky meat packages that you toss into your cart. Poultry and beef can contain bacterial bombs such as salmonella, campylobacter and E. coli, which cause severe diarrhea, intestinal swelling, nausea and vomiting, she says.<\/p>\n
\u201cIf meat packages leak onto the conveyor belt, it could contaminate the food on the conveyor as well as your hands,\u201d Stamm says.<\/p>\n
About 70%-80% of the shopping carts tested nationwide had E. coli, says Charles Gerba, Ph.D., a University of Arizona microbiologist who spends a lot of time studying germs in public places.<\/p>\n
Cart kid seats are E. coli hot spots \u201cbecause they hold raw food and [diaper-wearing] kids,\u201d he says. \u201cAnd nobody disinfects.\u201d<\/p>\n
Be careful, too, around those enticing displays of fruits and veggies.<\/p>\n
Sprinklers used to keep produce moist may contain Legionnella, Stamm says. The bacterium can cause \u201ca deadly respiratory tract infection, particularly in older people and others with underlying health problems.\u201d<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Use disinfecting wipes on handlebars and seats – many stores now offer these at the entrance. And be sure to wash veggies and fruits before eating them.<\/p>\n
(Check out more sizzling-hot topics from 2010)<\/p>\n
2. Children\u2019s playgrounds
Germiest items: The swings, jungle gym and other equipment<\/p>\n
Playgrounds are germ minefields. Kids touch everything they see and often put them in their mouths.<\/p>\n
The largest threat is from fecal bacteria from bird poop on playground equipment and diaper-wearing tots, Gerba says.<\/p>\n
Another kid-friendly hot zone: petting zoos and exhibits with animals infected with E. coli, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Wash hands thoroughly or use hand sanitizer after returning from playground, using the bathroom and changing diapers. (Rub hands together for 20 seconds under clean running water, the CDC advises.)<\/p>\n
3. Public restrooms
Germiest item: Sink<\/p>\n
Most women worry about public toilets. Well, you can sit a little easier now: The porcelain throne is not the biggest restroom offender.<\/p>\n
It\u2019s the sink.<\/p>\n
Bacteria swarm on the sink tap or faucet handles, Gerba says, because we touch them right after using the toilet.<\/p>\n
Also, \u201cthe sink tap is a wet, moist environment,\u201d so bacteria can survive there longer, he says.<\/p>\n
Watch out for soap dispensers, too, because they\u2019re handled by many filthy hands, Stamm says.<\/p>\n
Airplane bathrooms are especially germy because they\u2019re small and used by lots of people, says Gerba, who found E. coli on faucets and door handles in the dozens of samples from airborne restrooms.<\/p>\n
In fact, an airplane\u2019s faucet may be a greater threat than those in other public restrooms because the water is timed, so fliers have to touch them frequently to wash their hands properly, he says.<\/p>\n
So what\u2019s the cleanest part of a bathroom?<\/p>\n
The toilet: About 48% of American women use covers or toilet paper to cover the seat, Gerba says.<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Avoid touching moist surfaces and wash hands thoroughly after touching sink faucets and soap dispensers. And use a paper towel to turn the water off.<\/p>\n
4. Offices
Germiest items: Telephones and desks<\/p>\n
In a study of 113 work surfaces in offices in five of the nation\u2019s big cities, Gerba found more than 25,000 bacteria hitching a ride on telephones. Desks and computer keyboards followed close behind.<\/p>\n
In fact, your desk has 400 times more germs than a toilet seat, Gerba says. Why?<\/p>\n
People don\u2019t disinfect surfaces in offices, he says.<\/p>\n
Another danger zone: Inside desk drawers, where workers stash food.<\/p>\n
\u201cGerms find plenty to snack on,\u201d he says, like moldy fruit and opened bags of chips or crackers.<\/p>\n
When it comes to germs, women are not the fairer sex. Bacterial levels in women\u2019s offices were nearly three times higher than in men\u2019s.<\/p>\n
\u201cWomen seemed to have more stuff in their offices, from makeup bags to pictures of family and purses on their desks,\u201d Gerba says.<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Once a day, wipe down your desk, phone and keyboard with anti-bacterial wipes or cleaners.<\/p>\n
5. Restaurants
Germiest items: Table surface, high chairs<\/p>\n
No, contaminated food isn\u2019t the biggest threat at restaurants \u2014 it\u2019s the rag used to wipe the table \u201cclean.”<\/p>\n
When busboys wipe down a table or chairs, their dirty rags may be spreading a small film of E. coli, he says.<\/p>\n
They should put disinfectant on the rag after each use, but Gerba\u2019s studies show that the same cloth was used on more than a dozen tables before it was disinfected.<\/p>\n
High chairs harbor fecal bacteria too, because they hold diaper-wearing tots.<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Carry sanitary wipes to swipe the tabletop and high chair when you\u2019re seated.<\/p>\n
6. Libraries
Germiest items: Countertops and surfaces<\/p>\n
Libraries appear to be tidy, sterile places, but they crawl with as many germs as a fast-food restaurant.<\/p>\n
Why so filthy? Lots of people shuffle through and peruse books, log on to computers and touch countertops, Gerba says.<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Use hand sanitizer or wash your hands after thumbing through books or touching countertops.<\/p>\n
7. Cruise ships
Germiest item: Handrails<\/p>\n
Cruise ships are like floating cities, packed with thousands of people in a small space. That also makes them incubators for viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n
From 2001-2005, gastrointestinal illness on ships increased 25.6%, according to a CDC study: The culprit? Norovirus.<\/p>\n
Some of the largest outbreaks occurred in 2002-2006, when new strains of norovirus emerged,\u201d says Capt. Jaret Ames, chief of the CDC\u2019s Vessel Sanitation Program.<\/p>\n
Noroviruses, which cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are resistant to routine cleaning procedures and they\u2019re easily transmitted in places people congregate, such as dining rooms, drinking fountains and shared restrooms.<\/p>\n
Trouble is, they\u2019re hard to avoid on a cruise ship.<\/p>\n
\u201cAs soon as you step out of the cabin you\u2019re in public area,\u201d Ames points out.<\/p>\n
Handrails pose the biggest infection risk because they\u2019re among the first surfaces passengers touch when they board ship, Ames says. The viruses are most often brought on board by embarking passengers and crew.<\/p>\n
A recent study published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases found that the cleanliness of a cruise ship’s public restrooms may predict subsequent norovirus outbreaks. Researchers found that only 37% of 273 randomly selected public restrooms on cruise ships were cleaned daily. One researcher noted that there was a substantial risk for washed hands to become contaminated when the passenger exits the restroom, as only 35% of restroom exit knobs or pulls were cleaned daily.<\/p>\n
Germ-free fix: Wash hands frequently throughout the day and before touching your mouth or face, especially when smoking and eating.<\/p>\n
8. Malls
Germiest item: Escalator handles<\/p>\n
How often do you hang onto the escalator handrails while catching a ride at a shopping mall or airport?<\/p>\n
Hands off: They\u2019re teeming with germs, according to a study published in a 2005 issue of the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. Scientists took samples from dozens of escalator handrails across the country and found 19% showed high bacterial contamination.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe sheer volume of people who touch escalator handles makes it a bacteria hot spot,\u201d Gerba says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
See original article: <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Worried about you or your kids picking up the flu virus or other common illnesses at school, in restrooms or at the mall? There\u2019s good reason: Viruses and bacteria run rampant on the surfaces you touch every day. We blow the lid on the 8 germiest public places. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-420402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\n