Nato assumes leadership on Libya

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Nato Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen says the decision is a ‘significant step’

Nato’s Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, has said it has decided to take on the whole military operation in Libya “with immediate effect”.

The alliance will enforce “all aspects” of the UN resolution authorising action to protect civilians. “Nothing more, nothing less,” Mr Rasmussen added.

Libyan rebels have been advancing westwards, capturing towns abandoned by Col Muammar Gaddafi’s forces.

Explosions were also heard in Sirte and the capital, Tripoli, on Sunday night.

It is not clear what the causes of the blasts were, though state TV said the cities were being bombed by “Crusader and colonialist” forces.

Sirte, the Libyan leader’s stronghold, is only 100km (60 miles) west of the town of Nufaila, which rebel forces said they had reached. Foreign journalists said the city was swarming with soldiers on patrol.

The rebels earlier retook the eastern coastal towns of Ras Lanuf, Brega, Uqayla and Bin Jawad, only a day after seizing control of Ajdabiya.

Disagreements

Nato’s plan to take responsibility for operations in Libya had already been agreed by military representatives of the 28 member states, but it needed ambassadors to provide political approval at a meeting in Brussels.

In a communique hailing the “very significant step”, Mr Rasmussen said that in the past week the alliance had “put together a complete package of operations in support of the United Nations resolution by sea and by air”.

“We are already enforcing the arms embargo and the no-fly zone, and with today’s decision we are going beyond. We will be acting in close co-ordination with our international and regional partners to protect the people of Libya.”

Mr Rasmussen said Nato’s goal was to “protect civilians and civilian-populated areas under threat of attack from the Gaddafi regime”.

“Nato will implement all aspects of the UN Resolution. Nothing more, nothing less,” he added.

Nato’s top operational commander, Gen Charles Bouchard of Canada, would “begin executing this operation with immediate effect”, he concluded.

The BBC’s Chris Morris in Brussels says the mission to protect civilians was more sensitive because it involved debate about what exactly are legitimate military targets on the ground.

There were disagreements notably between France and Turkey about political control of the mission, but they have now been resolved, our correspondent says.

But the precise rules of engagement have not been revealed, he adds.

Alongside the Nato command structure will be a separate, high-level committee of representatives of all countries taking part in the military action, including Arab states. It will give what one official called “broad political guidance.”

‘Under pressure’

While Nato ambassadors discussed the international military operation, rebel forces in eastern Libya took advantage of the devastating effect of the air and missile strikes on Col Gaddafi’s forces to advance westwards.

“Gaddafi’s forces are now scared rats,” Mohammed Ali al-Atwish, a rebel fighter in Bin Jawad, told the AFP news agency.

“They are dropping their weapons and uniforms and dressing as civilians. We are no longer concerned about Gaddafi’s forces at all.”

In interviews with US media on Sunday morning, US Defence Secretary Robert Gates that Col Gaddafi’s “ability to move armour, to move toward Benghazi or a place like that, has pretty well been eliminated”.

“Now we’ll have to keep our eye on it, because he still has ground forces at his beck and call. But the reality is that they are under a lot of pressure.”

Mr Gates also said there was a political push to ease the Libyan leader from power, and that it was possible that more of his associates would defect.

“We have things in our tool box in addition to hammers… one should not underestimate the possibility of the regime itself cracking.”

Libyan officials say the strikes have killed nearly 100 civilians but this cannot be independently confirmed.

The BBC’s Ben Brown in Ras Lanuf says the rebels are in a state of high excitement, and can hardly believe the progress they have made.

They claim that they could be in Sirte by Monday, but the further they advance towards Tripoli, the greater the fight the regime is likely to put up, our correspondent says.

Misrata is the only significant rebel-held city left in the west, and has been under heavy bombardment for days.

On Sunday evening, a resident called Saadoun told the Reuters news agency that eight people had been killed and 24 wounded – many of them critically – as Col Gaddafi’s forces shelled the west of the city during an assault.

“A massacre has been committed,” he said.

A rebel spokesman told the BBC that fighting was continuing for control of the main road through the city.

Libyan state TV earlier said Misrata was “secure” and life was “going back to normal”. Security forces had arrested “terrorist gangs”, it said.

Meanwhile, the Benghazi-based Transitional National Council said the rebels could begin exporting oil in less than a week.

Spokesman Ali Tarhouni said oil fields in territory under opposition control were already producing more than 100,000 barrels of crude a day.

He said the Gulf state of Qatar had agreed to help bring it to market.